diff --git a/crates/maestro-acp/src/lib.rs b/crates/maestro-acp/src/lib.rs
index 277030a..3a01a15 100644
--- a/crates/maestro-acp/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/maestro-acp/src/lib.rs
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ enum Command {
 
 enum ChildCommand {
     Signal(libc::c_int),
+    Reap(oneshot::Sender<bool>),
 }
 
 /// Why the handshake did not produce a session id.
@@ -206,6 +207,18 @@ impl AcpSession {
         self.exit.borrow().is_some()
     }
 
+    /// Reap the child if it has already exited.
+    pub async fn reap_if_exited(&self) -> bool {
+        if self.has_exited() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        let (sent, received) = oneshot::channel();
+        if self.child_commands.send(ChildCommand::Reap(sent)).is_err() {
+            return self.has_exited();
+        }
+        received.await.unwrap_or_else(|_| self.has_exited())
+    }
+
     /// Wait for the child to exit.
     pub async fn wait(&self) -> Option<ExitStatus> {
         wait_exit(&self.exit).await
@@ -392,6 +405,21 @@ async fn supervise_child(
                     // so its PID cannot be reused in that window.
                     unsafe { libc::kill(pid as libc::pid_t, sig) };
                 }
+                Some(ChildCommand::Reap(done)) => match child.try_wait() {
+                    Ok(Some(status)) => {
+                        let _ = done.send(true);
+                        tracing::debug!(pid, ?status, "{ADAPTER_BIN} exited");
+                        let _ = exit_tx.send(Some(status));
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    Ok(None) => {
+                        let _ = done.send(false);
+                    }
+                    Err(error) => {
+                        tracing::warn!(pid, %error, "could not reap {ADAPTER_BIN}");
+                        let _ = done.send(false);
+                    }
+                },
                 None => {
                     // The session vanished without a command receiver. This
                     // task still owns the unreaped child, so this cannot hit
diff --git a/crates/maestro-daemon/src/session.rs b/crates/maestro-daemon/src/session.rs
index 28082a1..cad62de 100644
--- a/crates/maestro-daemon/src/session.rs
+++ b/crates/maestro-daemon/src/session.rs
@@ -379,8 +379,26 @@ impl SessionManager {
         if children.is_empty() {
             return;
         }
-        tracing::info!(count = children.len(), "shutdown: ending adapter children");
-        let terminations = children
+        let reaped =
+            futures_util::future::join_all(children.iter().map(|(_, acp, _)| acp.reap_if_exited()))
+                .await;
+        let mut natural_exits = Vec::new();
+        let mut live_children = Vec::new();
+        for (child, exited) in children.iter().cloned().zip(reaped) {
+            if exited {
+                natural_exits.push(child.0);
+            } else {
+                live_children.push(child);
+            }
+        }
+        for id in natural_exits {
+            mark_session_dead_with_worktree_settlement(&self.inner, id, true).await;
+        }
+        tracing::info!(
+            count = live_children.len(),
+            "shutdown: ending adapter children"
+        );
+        let terminations = live_children
             .iter()
             .map(|(_, acp, _)| acp.terminate(maestro_acp::CANCEL_GRACE, maestro_acp::TERM_GRACE));
         futures_util::future::join_all(terminations).await;
@@ -389,7 +407,7 @@ impl SessionManager {
             .filter_map(|(_, _, done)| done.clone())
             .map(wait_for_event_pump);
         futures_util::future::join_all(drains).await;
-        for (id, _, _) in children {
+        for (id, _, _) in live_children {
             mark_session_dead_after_shutdown(&self.inner, id).await;
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/maestro-daemon/tests/acp.rs b/crates/maestro-daemon/tests/acp.rs
index d2778b1..9cd364f 100644
--- a/crates/maestro-daemon/tests/acp.rs
+++ b/crates/maestro-daemon/tests/acp.rs
@@ -504,6 +504,44 @@ async fn shutdown_reaps_every_adapter_child() {
     assert_eq!(sidecar.status, SessionStatus::Dead);
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn shutdown_does_not_recover_an_adapter_that_already_exited() {
+    let fx = DaemonFixture::new();
+    let fake = Fake::new();
+    let cwd = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    let mut env = fake.env();
+    env.insert("FAKE_ACP_EXIT_AFTER_NEW".into(), "1".into());
+
+    let session = fx
+        .manager
+        .create(structured(cwd.path(), env))
+        .await
+        .expect("create");
+    wait_for_exit(fake.pid()).await;
+
+    fx.manager.shutdown().await;
+    assert!(
+        !fx.sidecar_dir()
+            .join(format!("{}.recover", session.id))
+            .exists(),
+        "a naturally exited adapter is not recoverable"
+    );
+
+    let revived = SessionManager::new(
+        Arc::new(fx.tmux.tmux.clone()),
+        SidecarStore::new(fx.sidecar_dir()),
+        WorktreeManager::new(None),
+        fx.fifo_dir(),
+    );
+    assert_eq!(revived.recover().await.expect("recover"), 1);
+    assert_eq!(revived.status(session.id).await, Some(SessionStatus::Dead));
+    assert!(
+        !fake.log().contains("recv session/load"),
+        "a naturally dead adapter must not be resumed: {}",
+        fake.log()
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn shutdown_waits_for_structured_creation_and_rejects_new_creates() {
     let fx = DaemonFixture::new();